Periodontal diseases are ongoing infections of the gums and bone, that gradually destroy the support of your natural teeth. While there are many diseases which affect the tooth-supporting structures, plaque-induced inflammatory lesions make up the majority of periodontal issues, and are divided into two categories: gingivitis (inflammation of the gums without loss of bone and attachment) and periodontitis Inflammation with loss of bone and attachment).

 

Dental plaque (bacteria) is the primary cause of gingivitis. Plaque is a sticky colorless film, composed primarily of food particles and various types of bacteria, which adhere to your teeth at and below the gum line. Plaque constantly forms on your teeth, even minutes after cleaning. Bacteria found in plaque produce toxins or poisons that irritate the gums. Gums may become inflamed, red, swollen, and bleed easily. If this irritation is prolonged, the gums separate from the teeth causing pockets (spaces) to form. If daily brushing and flossing is neglected, plaque can also harden into a rough, porous substance known as calculus (tartar). This can occur both above and below the gum line.

If gingivitis progresses into periodontitis, the supporting gum tissue and bone that holds teeth in place deteriorates. The progressive loss of this bone can lead to loosening and subsequent loss of teeth.

 

Periodontal disease is often painless.  About 80% of Americans will develop periodontal disease by age 45, It is important to maintain proper home care and regular dental visits to help reduce the risk of periodontal disease.